PASSIVE VOICE (kalimat pasif)
Pengertian
Passive
Voice (Kalimat Pasif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya dikenai suatu pekerjaan
atau menderita suatu. Dengan kata lain subject kalimat tersebut menjadi sasaran
kegiatan yang dinyatakan oleh kata kerja. Dalam bahasa indonesia ciri-ciri
kalimat pasif adalah kata kerjanya yang berawalan dengan “di-“ dan beberapa
lagi memiliki awalan “ter-“ (tergantung pada konteks kalimat).
Active Voice (Kalimat Aktif) adalah kalimat yang subject-nya
berbuat sesuatau atau melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Dalam bahasa indonesia
ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah kata kerjanya selalu berawalan “me-“ dan
beberapa lagi memiliki awalan “ber-“.
Bentuk dari Passive Voice (kalimat pasif) adalah :
TO BE / BE + VERB 3
a. Passive
Voice digunakan jika kita hanya ingin fokus pada kejadian bukan pada siapa yang
melakukannya.
Example:
Active
: the man is kicking the ball now.
Passive : the ball is being kicked now
b. Passive
Voice digunakan untuk menghindari suatu subjek yang semu (someone, somebody).
Example :
Active
: someone hit the mirror last night.
Passive : the mirror was hit last night.
Note
:
Dalam bahasa inggris terdapat beberapa kata kerja yang
bisa memiliki 2 object, seperti: teach, pay, give, ask, tell, show, over.
Pola
– Pola Passive Voice
1. Simple
Present Tense
Rumus:
Active
: S + To Be (is, am, are)
Passive
: S + To Be (is,am,are) + V3
Example:
Active
: Budi writtes a letter
Passive
: a letter is written by budy
2. Simple
Past
Rumus
:
Active : S + To Be (was,were) + v2
Passive : S + To Be (was, were) + V3
Example:
Actived : i eat fried rice yesterday
Passived
: fried rice was eaten by me yesterday
3. Present
Perfect
Rumus
:
Active
: S + To Be (has, have) + V3
Passive : S
+ To Be + been + V3
Example
:
Active
: we have been helping the poor
people
Passive
: the poor people have been being
helped by us
4. Past
Perfect
Rumus
:
Active
: S + To Be (had) + V3
Passive
: S + To Be + been +V3
Example
:
Active
: we had watched titanic movie
Passive
: Titanic movie had been watched by
us
5. Present
Progresive
Rumus
:
Active
: S + To Be (is, am, are) + v-ing
Passive
: S + To Be + being +v3
Example:
Active
: Jane
is helping Tina.
Passive
: Tina
is being helped by Jane
6.
Past Progresive
Rumus :
Active : S + To Be (was, were) + v-ing
Passive : S + To Be + being Not + V3
Example:
Active : Noni was helping ketrin
Passive : Noni was
being helped by Ketrin
II.
CAUSATIVE
VERBS (kata kerja kausative)
Causative
Verb ( Kata Kerja Kausatif ) adalah kata kerja utama atau pokok yang digunakan
untuk menyatakan bahwa seseorang menyuruh atau menyebabkan orang lain melakukan
sesuatu.
Beberapa
caustive verb :
have/has
had
ask
asked
get
got
1.
Active
Causative
a. Causative “Have”
Rumus: Subject +
have/has + someone + kata kerja Bentuk I
Contoh:
-
I have him clean my shoes (saya
menyuruhnya membersihkan sepatuku)
-
Mary has George climbs the tree
-
You must haveSusie study hard
b.
Causative
“Get”
Rumus: Subject + Get +
someone + to infinitive
Contoh:
-
He gets John to brush the shoes
-
They get me to wash the clothes
-
She will get Anne to accompany her to
the party tomorrow
2.
Passive
Causative
Rumus: Subject +
have/get + object + kata kerja Bentuk III
Contoh:
-
The government got the bridge built
quickly
-
We must have the floor cleaned as soon
as possible
Tambahan:
c.
Causative
“Make“
Penggunaannya sama
dengan causative di atas, namun perintahnya lebih keras (sedikit memaksa)
Rumus: Subject + Make +
someone + Kata kerja bentuk I
Contoh:
-
The teacher always makes the students
stay in their own seats
-
Bob made his son be quiet in the library
d.
Causative
“Want“
Rumus:
Subject + Want + object + Kata Kerja Bentuk III
Contoh:
-
I want this chairs painted
(saya mau kursi-kursi ini dicat)
-
He wants the cars repaired
III. RELATIVE PRONOUN (kata ganti
penghubung)
Relative
Pronoun ( Kata Ganti Penghubung ) digunakan untuk menggabungkan Induk Kalimat
dan Anak Kalimat yang sama subyek maupun obyeknya. Sebagaimana kita tahu bahwa
dalam Bahasa Inggris tidak ada satu kata khusus yang dapat di gunakan sebagai
kata penghubung dengan arti yang dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Maka dalam hal ini
kita akan menggunakan kata – kata : who, whom, whose, which, that sebagai kata
ganti penghubung ( = Yang )
Misalnya
saja kita ingin mengatakan :
- Anak wanita yang datang ke rumah mu tadi malam adalah adiknya Jhon.
- Kalau kalimat ini kita jadikan 2 kalimat akan menjadi :
Relatitive
Pronoun terdiri dari 2 Jenis Yaitu :
1. Defining
Relative : Hanya menjelaskan terbatas kepasa Subyek dan ditulis tanpa tanda koma.
Example:
- The boy who broke the school-window is Tom.
2. Non
Defining Relative : Menjelaskan tidak terbatas hanya kepada Subyek tetapi ada
suatu keterangan lebih lanjut tentang Subyek itu sendiri dan ditulis dengan
tanda koma.Tom, who is naughty boy, broke the school-window
Penggunaan Relative Pronoun
1. Who
/ What digunakan untuk orang sebagai subject.
- The man is My father. The man helped you yesterday.
The
man who helped you yesterday is My father.
- I Have met the man. The man writes this book.
I
have meet the man who writes this book.
- Do you know the boy ? The boy bought my bicycle.
Do
you know the boy who bought my bicycle.
- Susanti works for garuda. Susanti is an air hostess.
Susanti,
who work for garuda, is an air hostess
- My Uncle is nearly fifty. He still plays badminton.
My
uncle, who is nearly fifty, still plays badminton.
Note : That dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan who,
whom, which.
2. Whom
/ That digunakan untuk orang sebagai Object.
- The man is my father. You helped the man yesterday.
The
man whom you helped yesterday is my father.
- The girl is Jhon’s sister. You spoke to the girl on the phone last night.
The
girl whom you spoke to on the phone last night is Jhon’s sister
- The teacher is Mr. Winata. You studied English with him last year
The
teacher whom you studied english with last year is Mr. Winata
- The girl is Marry. You received a letter from her yesterday
The
girl whom you recevived a letter from yesterday is Marry
- Yesterday I saw your friend. I first met him at the party last month
Yesterday I saw your friend whom I first me at the party las month
Note : Whom dalam percakapan sering di hilangkan
kemungkinan lain untuk contoh ke 2, 3, dan 4 ialah :
The girl to whom you spoke on the phone last night
is Jhon’s sister.
The teacher with whom you studied english last year
is Mr. Winata.
The girl form whom you received a letter yesterday
is Marry.
3. Which
/ That digunakan untuk benda sebagai subject maupun object
- we are waiting for the bus. The bus goes to bogor.
We
are waiting for the bus that goes to bogor.
- He work for a company. The company sells second-hand ear.
He
work for a company which sells secand hand ear.
- The letter is in the drawer. The letter came from Jhon.
The
letter that came form Jhon is in the drawer.
- The bag is full of money. I found the bag on the bus this morning.
The
bag which I found on the bus this morning is full of money.
- The film was not good. We saw the film at Roy theater last night.
The
film that we saw at Roy theater last night was not good.
Note : which / that sebagai pokok anak kalimat (
lihat contoh 1, 2 dan 3 ) tidak dihalangkan, tetapi bila sebagai obyek ( contoh
4, 5 ) sering dihilangkan dalam percakapan.
4. Whose
digunakan untuk orang yang memiliki
- The lady is my negihbour. Her child is in hospital now.
The
Lady whose child is in hospital now is my neighbour.
- The man is very proud. His son is a pilot.
The
man whose son is a pilot is very proud
- Our new english teacher is an America. His name is Tom Grey.
Our
new english teacher whose name is Tom Grey is an America.
- Do you know the boy ? his moto-car is damage.
Do
you know the boy whose motor-car is damage ?
Note : Whose dalam percakapan tidak dihilangkan.
Kata – kata Where (=dimana ) dan When (= Ketika ) dapat di gunakan sebagai
Relative Pronoun untuk menggantikan keterangan tempat dan keterangan
waktu.
Example:
- That is the office. My ucle work is that office.
This
is the office where my uncles works in
- This is the street. Mary lives on this street.
This
is the street where Marry lives on
- Pelase tell me the bank. Jhon works in that bank.
Please
teel me the bank where jhon work in
- I have forgotten the day. She left for abroad on that day.
I
have forgotten the day when she left for abroad.
- Do you still remember that day ? we went for a picnic on that day.
Do
you still remember that day when we went for a picnic.
Note : Dalam percakapan Where dan When boleh di
hilangkan.
